This prospective study evaluated seroepidemiologic features of canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) and infections in dogs in an urban humane shelter and in rural/small community dog populations in western Canada. (= 0.18) with respiratory disease. Antibodies to CRCoV CPIV or on arrival were not significantly (> 0.05) associated with disease-sparing after entry into the shelter. Résumé Séro-épidémiologie du coronavirus respiratoire canin (groupe 2) du virus parainfluenza canin et des infections par chez Nilvadipine (ARC029) les chiens urbains dans un refuge pour animaux et chez les chiens ruraux dans de petites localités. Cette étude prospective a évalué les caractéristiques de la séro-épidémiologie du coronavirus respiratoire canin (CRCoV) du virus parainfluenza canin (CPIV) et des infections par chez les chiens dans un refuge pour animaux urbains et chez les populations de chiens ruraux et dans les petites localités de l’Ouest du Canada. La séroprévalence Nilvadipine (ARC029) de CRCoV et du CPIV était faible comparativement à d’autres pays; la séroprévalence de était de modérée à élevée chez la plupart des populations examinées. Il était 0 421 fois moins probable (≤ 0 1 que les chiens ruraux obtiennent un résultat positif pour le CRCoV que les chiens admis au refuge. Il n’y avait aucune différence statistique dans la prévalence des anticorps pour et le CPIV entre les populations urbaines et rurales. Il y avait une probabilité constamment et significativement réduite que les chiens de Fort Resolution T.N.-O. (< 0 5 affichent des titres d’anticorps modérés ou élevés pour les 3 agents que FCF1 les chiens du refuge. La séroconversion à CRCoV était courante chez les chiens du refuge mais n’était pas associée (= 0 18 à la maladie respiratoire. Les anticorps pour CRCoV CPIV ou à l’arrivée n’étaient pas significativement Nilvadipine (ARC029) (> 0 5 associés à l’absence de maladie après l’admission au refuge. (Traduit par Isabelle Vallières) Introduction Canine infectious tracheobronchitis (CITB “kennel cough) ” is a respiratory disease that occurs frequently when dogs are kennelled or brought together for reasons such as dog shows or sporting events (1). The disease is irritating but self-limiting and can progress to bronchopneumonia (1). In addition to infectious agents this disease has multiple co-factors including crowding with high concentrations of pathogens and frequency of exposure physiological stresses and differences in host susceptibility including immune status. Well-recognized infectious agents associated with CITB include canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) Nilvadipine (ARC029) (2) canine parainfluenzavirus (CPIV) (3) and (4). Less-frequently recognized agents include canine herpesvirus (5) and spp. (6). In the last decade canine influenza thought to be derived from equine influenza was implicated in respiratory disease cases in dogs in the United States (7) but a recent survey indicated a low seroprevalence of that agent in dogs in eastern Canada (8). A group 2 canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) that is closely related genetically and antigenically to bovine coronavirus (BCV) and human (respiratory) coronavirus strain OC43 but is distinct from canine enteric coronavirus (9 10 has been implicated in the last few years as an additional infectious co-factor in CITB (9 11 However there are few data concerning its prevalence in dogs in North America (13 15 especially as it relates to the “lifestyle” or husbandry of dogs. The objective of this longitudinal seroepidemiological study was to examine the prevalence of CRCoV in a population of dogs in a large urban humane shelter versus dogs in rural and small communities and compare this to evidence of exposure to/infection with CPIV and which are thought to be the major etiologic agents in CITB (1). Our hypothesis was that there would be differences in prevalence of responses to respiratory pathogens between dogs from an urban humane shelter setting and dogs from rural settings. Materials and methods Study populations and sampling One hundred and forty two dogs that were routine entrants to the Winnipeg Humane Society (Manitoba; WHS) from November 2004 to December 2005 were the subjects of this study (control population; population C). These dogs were mainly young adults brought to the WHS from Winnipeg and.