Background: Spinal-cord injury (SCI) carries debilitating lifelong consequences and, therefore, requires careful review of different treatment strategies. models has raised significant concerns about the functionality of these cells as a potential therapeutic avenue in SCI management.[30] Various cell-based therapies Despite extensive research exploring various cell-based therapies such as transplantation of oligodendrocyte precursors, induced pluripotent stem cells, bone marrow-derived (BM-MSCs), adipose-derived (AD-MSCs), and umbilical cord (U-MSCs),[30] there have been a lack of large Phase III clinical trials investigating the therapeutic efficacy of stem cell therapy. Prosthetic devices [Desk 3] Robotic exoskeletons or driven exoskeletons have surfaced as an beneficial rehabilitation tool for several disabled people with SCI. The scholarly research supplied primary proof on efficiency of exoskeletons on cardiovascular wellness, energy expenses, body structure, gait parameters, degree of exercise, neuropathic discomfort level, and standard of living. They could be used to revive a certain degree of exercise years after damage.[9,19,35] Bodyweight supported treadmill schooling and locomotion schooling with driven gait orthosis are actually Zearalenone considered important component in the rehabilitation of SCI individuals. Based on the meta-analysis of driven exoskeletons, <5% of SCI sufferers be capable of ambulate without the physical assistance.[35] However, SAPKK3 subsequent an exoskeleton training curriculum, 67% of sufferers could actually walk with exoskeleton-assisted ambulation without physical assistance.[35] This meta-analysis included exoskeletons such as for example ReWalkTM, EksoTM, and IndegoTM. Furthermore, in complicated schooling circumstances also, there have been no adverse occasions, falls, or fractures.[35] Furthermore, the neurologically handled exoskeleton HALTM has been Meals and Medication Administration accepted for use in america. This system provides been proven to become helpful in the treatment of sufferers with chronic spinal-cord injuries.[21] This technology has been evolved, which is important to shoot for an interdisciplinary group method of provide greater option of this technology. This may help sufferers to protect the physical capability before restoration becomes necessary. The future of prosthetic devices is bright for SCI patients and will continue to be investigated. CONCLUSION We investigated the advancements in neuroprotective pharmacology, stem cell technologies, neuromodulation, and various external prosthetics for the treatment of SCI. However, more clinical trials and research will continue to establish their efficacy. Footnotes How to cite this article: Shah M, Peterson C, Yilmaz E, Halalmeh DR, Moisi M. Current advancements in the management of spinal cord injury: A comprehensive review of literature. Surg Neurol Int 2020;11:2. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest A couple of no conflicts of interest. Recommendations 1. Ajiboye AB, Willett FR, Small DR, Memberg WD, Murphy BA, Miller JP, et al. Restoration of reaching and grasping movements through brain-controlled muscle mass stimulation in a person with tetraplegia: A proof-of-concept demonstration. Lancet. 2017;389:1821C30. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 2. Alexeeva N, Calancie B. Efficacy of quadropulse rTMS for enhancing electric motor function after spinal-cord damage: Three case research. J SPINAL-CORD Med. 2016;39:50C7. [PMC free of charge content] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 3. Angeli CA, Edgerton VR, Gerasimenko YP, Harkema SJ. Altering spinal-cord excitability allows voluntary actions after chronic comprehensive paralysis in human beings. Human brain. 2014;137:1394C409. [PMC free of charge content] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 4. Bouton CE, Shaikhouni A, Annetta NV, Bockbrader MA, Friedenberg DA, Nielson DM, et al. Rebuilding cortical control of useful movement within a individual with quadriplegia. Character. 2016;533:247C50. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 5. Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Collins WF, Holford Zearalenone TR, Youthful W, Baskin DS, et al. A randomized, managed trial of naloxone or methylprednisolone in the treating severe spinal-cord injury. Zearalenone Results of the next national acute spinal-cord injury research. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:1405C11. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 6. Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Holford TR, Leo-Summers L, Aldrich EF, Fazl M, et al. Administration of Zearalenone methylprednisolone for 24 or 48.